Assessing the accessibility of a Web site is a key step in making sure that all users, regardless of their abilities, can access the content. With this in mind, the main reference is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide three levels of compliance: A (minimum); AA (intermediate); and AAA (maximum).
Web accessibility regulations vary by country, but many are based on international standards such as the WCAG mentioned in the previous point. In Europe, the main Accessibility legislation is the European Accessibility Act (EU Directive 2019/882), which aims to improve the Accessibility of digital products and services throughout the European Union by 2025. This directive requires that various services and products, including websites, be accessible to people with disabilities, generally following WCAG 2.1 Level AA. In Italy, Law 4/2004, known as the Stanca Law, regulates the accessibility of public administration Web sites. This law applies to all public administrations, public agencies, utility companies, and companies that offer online services to end customers
The European Accessibility Act, mentioned in the previous point, requires companies to make their site fully accessible by June 28, 2025. Excluded from this application remain micro-businesses, companies with fewer than 10 employees and annual sales not exceeding 2 million euros. Stakeholders will be required to submit an annual Accessibility Statement in which they publicly declare the accessibility status of their Web site or mobile application.
An accessible Web site offers many practical benefits, both for the company or organization that runs it and for users. An accessible site makes it possible to reach people with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive disabilities who might otherwise have difficulty interacting with a non-optimized site. It is estimated that about 15 percent of the world's population lives with some form of disability. With this in mind, making the site accessible broadens the potential user base. Many of the principles of accessibility, such as proper use of alternative text for images, optimization of titles, and clear page structure, also help search engines better understand the site's content. In addition, an accessible site tends to be easier to use for everyone, not just people with disabilities.
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Web accessibility refers to the practice of designing and developing Web sites so that they are usable by everyone, regardless of their physical, cognitive, or technical abilities. The main goal is to ensure that people with disabilities can access content, navigate sites, and interact with information and functionality without encountering barriers.
In general, all websites should be accessible to ensure an inclusive experience for all people, including those with disabilities. However, there are some areas where accessibility is particularly important or at least, mandatory. Here are some categories...
Optimizing the accessibility of a website requires a series of actions that improve the browsing experience for all users, including those with disabilities.
The guidelines mainly suggest that:
1. text and graphic elements should be easily readable for all users, including those with visual impairments or color blindness;
2. the site should be fully navigable using only the keyboard, since some people cannot use a mouse;
3. forms should be accessible and clear; 4. you need to make sure that the user interface is consistent throughout the site...
More generally, a clear and predictable design helps people with cognitive disabilities navigate more easily.
Web accessibility is based on four basic principles established by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). To be accessible, a site must be perceptible: information and user interface components must be presented in a way that users can perceive them (contrasts, alternative text...). A site must be usable: interface components and navigation must be easily usable by all users (navigability via keyboard or alternative devices to the mouse). The third principle refers to comprehension: the information and operation of the user interface must be understandable (clear text, unambiguous error messages...). Finally, the last principle relates to robustness: content must be robust enough to be interpreted by a wide range of user agents, including assistive devices (semantically valid and well-structured HTML and CSS).